Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Synthesis Techniques and Application of Graphene Thin Film: A Review

Gurwinder Pal Singh

Abstract


This work discusses the various synthesis method and characterizations of graphene thin film and the methods to enhance its transparency and conductivity, for optoelectronic application. We are propose intercalation of sodium in between graphene layers, which is accomplished with the help of ultra-sonication process. Various literature mention, sodium intercalation exfoliate the graphene sheets which helps in the enhancing of transparency and conductivity of the graphene thin film.

Keywords


thin film, graphene, synthesis

Full Text:

PDF

References


Kwon S.-Y., et al. Growth of semiconducting graphene on palladium. Nano Letters, 2009. 9(12): 3985–3990p.

Coraux J et al. Structural coherency of graphene on Ir (111). Nano Letters. 2008; 8(2): 565–570p.

Rao C et al. A study of the synthetic methods and properties of graphenes. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials. 2016.

Guo H.-L. et al. A green approach to the synthesis of graphene nanosheets. ACS Nano. 2009; 3(9): 2653–2659p.

West A. Solid State Chemistry’. John Willey & Sons. Singapore. 2003

Kuanr BK et al. Determination of exchange and rotational anisotropies in IrMn∕ Fe (t)∕ IrMn exchange coupled structures using dynamic and static techniques: Application to microwave devices. Journal of Applied Physics. 2008; 103(7): 07C107p.

Dubowik J et al. Angular dependence of ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in thin films. Physical Review B. 2011; 84(18): 184438p.

Kalarickal SS et al. Ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in metallic thin films: Comparison of measurement methods. Journal of Applied Physics. 2006; 99(9): 093909p.

Mosendz O et al. Detection and quantification of inverse spin Hall effect from spin pumping in permalloy/normal metal bilayers. Physical Review B. 2010; 82(21): 214403p.

Bilzer C et al. Vector network analyzer ferromagnetic resonance of thin films on coplanar waveguides: Comparison of different evaluation methods. Journal of Applied Physics. 2007; 101(7): 074505p.

Nogués J, Schuller IK. Exchange bias. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 1999; 192(2): 203–232p.

McMichael R et al. Ferromagnetic resonance studies of NiO-coupled thin films of Ni 80 Fe 20. Physical Review B. 1998; 58(13): 8605p.

Park S et al. Extremely High- Frequency Flexible Graphene Thin- Film Transistors. IEEE Electron Device Letters. 2016; 37(4): 512– 515p.

Hiura H. et al. Role of sp3 defect structures in graphite and carbon nanotubes. 1994.

Ebbesen TW, Hiura H. Graphene in 3‐dimensions: Towards graphite origami. Advanced Materials. 1995; 7(6): 582–586p.

Kim KS et al. Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes. Nature. 2009; 457(7230): 706–710p.

Wu Y, Yu T, Shen Z. Two- dimensional carbon nanostructures: fundamental properties, synthesis, characterization, and potential applications. Journal of Applied Physics. 2010; 108(7): 071301p.

Sutter PW, Flege J.-I. Sutter EA. Epitaxial graphene on ruthenium. Nature Materials. 2008; 7(5): 406– 411p.

Marcano, D.C., et al., Improved synthesis of graphene oxide. ACS nano, 2010. 4(8): p. 4806-4814.

Li X et al. Large-area synthesis of high-quality and uniform graphene films on copper foils. Science. 2009; 324(5932): 1312–1314p.

Hummers Jr, WS, Offeman RE. Preparation of graphitic oxide. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 1958; 80(6): 1339–1339p.

Subrahmanyam K et al. Simple method of preparing graphene flakes by an arc-discharge method. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 2009; 113(11): 4257–4259p.

Viculis LM et al. Intercalation and exfoliation routes to graphite nanoplatelets. Journal of Materials Chemistry. 2005; 15(9): 974–978p.

Zhou M et al. Controlled synthesis of large‐area and patterned electrochemically reduced graphene oxide films. Chemistry–A European Journal. 2009; 15(25): 6116–6120p.

Li X, Colombo L, Ruoff RS. Synthesis of Graphene Films on Copper Foils by Chemical Vapor Deposition. Advanced Materials, 2016.

Bie YQ et al. Site‐Specific Transfer‐Printing of Individual Graphene Microscale Patterns to Arbitrary Surfaces. Advanced Materials. 2011; 23(34): 3938– 3943p.

Liu H et al. Black-wax assisted lift- off and transfer of CVD grown graphene from copper foil substrates to various foreign substrates. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A, 2016; 34(2): 021517p.

Cote LJ, Kim F, Huang J, Langmuir− Blodgett assembly of graphite oxide single layers. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 2008; 131(3): 1043–1049p.

Ahlberg P et al. Toward synthesis of oxide films on graphene with sputtering based processes. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology. 2016; 34(4): 040605p.

Cruz-Silva R et al. Method for preparing graphene oxide films and fibers. Google Patents. 2016.

Pham VH et al. Fast and simple fabrication of a large transparent chemically-converted graphene film by spray-coating. Carbon[s1]. 2010; 48(7): 1945–1951p.

Cruz-Silva, R., M. Endo, and M. Terrones, Graphene oxide films, fibers and membranes. Nanotechnology Reviews. 2016.

Yadav S et al. Fabrication of ultrathin, free-standing, transparent and conductive graphene/multiwalled carbon nanotube film with superior optoelectronic properties. Thin Solid Films. 2015; 595: 193–199p.

Chen J et al. Controllable fabrication of ultrathin free-standing graphene films. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. 2014; 372(2013): 20130017p.

Malik S et al. High purity graphenes prepared by a chemical intercalation method. Nanoscale. 2010; 2(10):

–2143p.

Bao W et al. Approaching the limits of transparency and conductivity in graphitic materials through lithium intercalation. Nature Communications. 2014; 5.

Wan J et al. Sodium-ion intercalated transparent conductors with printed reduced graphene oxide networks. Nano Letters. 2015; 15(6): 3763– 3769p.

Kanetani K et al. Ca intercalated bilayer graphene as a thinnest limit of superconducting C6Ca. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012. 109(48): 19610–19613p.

Tang Q, Zhou Z, Chen Z. Graphene- related nanomaterials: tuning properties by functionalization. Nanoscale. 2013; 5(11): 4541–4583p.

Ma L, Zeng XC, Wang J. Oxygen Intercalation of Graphene on Transition Metal Substrate: An Edge- Limited Mechanism. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 2015; 6(20): 4099–4105p.

Kim N et al. Synthesis and electrical characterization of magnetic bilayer graphene intercalate. Nano Letters. 2011; 11(2): 860–865p.

Kusmartsev F et al. Application of graphene within optoelectronic devices and transistors, in Applied Spectroscopy and the Science of Nanomaterials. Springer. 2015; 191– 221p.

Wang Y et al. Large area, continuous, few-layered graphene as anodes in organic photovoltaic devices. Applied Physics Letters. 2009; 95(6): 063302p.

Mohanty N et al., Nanotomy-based production of transferable and dispersible graphene nanostructures of controlled shape and size. Nature Communications. 2012; 3: 844p.

Skrypnychuk V et al. Enhanced vertical charge transport in a semiconducting P3HT thin film on single layer graphene. Advanced Functional Materials. 2015; 25(5): 664–670p.

Manipatruni S, Nikonov DE, Young IA. Material targets for scaling all spin logic. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2012; 12(12): 3362p.

Liu M, Zhang X. A high-speed graphene-based broadband modulator. in Frontiers in Optics. .Optical Society of America. 2011.

Welser J et al. Applications: Nanoelectronics and Nanomagnetics, in Nanotechnology Research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020. Springer. 2011; 375–415p.

Li X et al. High Detectivity Graphene‐Silicon Heterojunction Photodetector. Small 2016; 12(5): 595–601p.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.