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Ferromagnetism in II-VI Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor, Zn0.96Mn0.04O Nanostructures by Green’s Theorem
Abstract
Ferromagnetism in II-VI diluted magnetic semiconductor, Zn0.96Mn0.04O is studied. Using the Heisenberg principle, the spin exchange between the neighboring spin is discussed. Heisenberg’s model describes the Hamiltonian of the system in terms of spin density and excitons. Mathematically, magnetic parameters such as magnetizations and magnetic susceptibility are determined by Green’s function. Ferromagnetism is expected from sp-d exchange interactions (RKKY), point defects such as oxygen vacancies, and Zn interstitial and quantum confinement effects. The spin-spin interactions mediated by
carriers gives rise to ferromagnetic ordering when the mean distance between Mn-Mn ions is sufficiently less than electron wavelength. The result is compared with experimental values and tested for Mn concentrations greater than 4%. In addition, the stability conditions are stated in terms of giant magnetoresistance. A shift in magnetic phase particularly from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic behavior is noticed at higher Mn concentration. A model is established to explain a shift in magnetic phases in terms of secondary phase and bound magnetic polarons. A calculation of magnetic susceptibility is carried out to verify the existence of ferromagnetism at Curie temperature. The investigation of ferromagnetism and superparamagnetism in Zn0.96Mn0.04O nanoparticles proves its multiple functions as read heads, dynamic random access memory, and spin random access memory. The medical and electronic application of Zn0.4 Mn0.6O is reviewed because Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles have emerged as promising materials for cathodoluminescent, transparent conductive layer, biosensors, treatment for many viral disease, cancer treatment, medical imaging, and space applications.
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