Advancements of Carbon Quantum Dot and their use in Biomedical

Abstract

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have gained significant attention in the biomedical field due to their unique physicochemical properties and potential biomedical applications. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in CQD synthesis, functionalization, and their use in biomedical applications. Firstly, we discuss various synthetic methods used to produce CQDs, including microwave-assisted synthesis, hydrothermal synthesis, and electrochemical synthesis. Next, we delve into the functionalization of CQDs, which is crucial for improving their solubility, biocompatibility, and targeting capabilities. Different functionalization strategies such as covalent and non-covalent methods, surface modification, and bioconjugation techniques are discussed. Finally, we explore the potential biomedical applications of CQDs, including bioimaging, drug delivery, biosensing, and theranostics. CQDs exhibit excellent optical properties, such as high photostability, tunable fluorescence, and low cytotoxicity, making them ideal for bioimaging. Their high surface area and functionalization potential make them excellent drug delivery vehicles, while their excellent biosensing capabilities enable the detection of various biomolecules with high sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, their unique physicochemical properties make them attractive candidates for theranostics applications, where they can be used for both diagnosis and therapy.