Open Access
Subscription or Fee Access
Mercerization and Mechanical Properties of Natural Fibre Reinforced Composite: A Comprehensive Review
Abstract
Growing public concern about environmental issues has prompted the production of renewable, economical, and ecologically friendly materials. Thus a shift from synthetic fiber reinforced composites to natural fiber reinforced composites can be seen. Since Fibre reinforcement is deciding factors in the Structural properties of any engineered composite. But poor interfacial adhesion of fibre matrix obstruct it's potential while using in structural applications. Different studies suggested that the surface modification techniques like alkali treatment, silane treatment, seawater treatment, pre impregnation could improve the interfacial bonding which in turn help in improving mechanical properties of the composite. This article discusses different research work which entails the alkali treatment as a surface modification technique for improving mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced composite. Values of tensile strength and flexural strength of different fiber/matrix combinations at different NaOH concentrations have been compared. Bamboo/Polyester composites showed highest tensile strength in the selected research works. Also It envisaged that mercerisation affects significantly the mechanical properties but not for all alkali concentations. By comparing researches done in the respective field, it provides an overall picture of the effect of alkali treatment. According to which mercerisation is effective if used in proper proportion for improving mechanical properties of the natural fibre reinforced composite. Also the optimum value of alkaline concentration varies with fiber type and and matrix type. It will certainly guide others researchers working in the field of natural fibre reinforced composite (NFRC) and certainly open up new path in the direction of biodegradable polymer composite with good mechanical strength.
References
Lakkad SC, Patel JM. Mechanical properties of bamboo, a natural composite. Fibre science and technology. 1981;14(4):319-22.
J. Schultz, L. Lavielle & C. Martin (1987) The Role of the Interface in Carbon Fibre-Epoxy Composites, The Journal of Adhesion, 23:1, 45-60,
Bhyrav Mutnuri. Thermal conductivity characterization of composite materials Graduate Theses. West Virginia University. 2006: 1715.
N. Almuramady. Mechanical Properties of composites using natural rubber with epoxy resin Al-Nahrain University.2007; 1-105 5. Yong X. Gan. Effect of interface structure on mechanical properties of advanced composite materials. International journal of molecular sciences. 2009;10(12):5115-34. 6. Al-Mosawi AI, Al-Maamori MH, Wetwet ZA. Mechanical properties of composite material reinforcing by natural-synthetic fibers. Academic Research International. 2012; 3(3):108-112.
B. K Goriparthi, K.N. S. Suman, N.M. Rao. Effect of fiber surface treatments on mechanical and abrasive wear performance of polylactide/jute composites Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf. 2012; 43(10): 1800-1808
P. Reiterman, O. Holčapek, M. Jogl, Konvalinka, et al. Mechanical Properties of Composites Made with Aluminous Cement and Basalt Fibers Developed for High Temperature Application Advances in Building Technologies and Construction Materials. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2015; 1-10
T. Bhat, V. Chevali, X. Liu, et al. Fire structural resistance of basalt fibre composite Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf. 2015;71:107-115
N. Dubey, G. Agnihotri. Potential of Midrib of Cocos nucifera Leaf for Reinforcement of Plastics. Journal of Polymer & Composites (JoPC). 2015;3(1)25–32
Zhu Dahai, Yu Wei, Du Haixu, et al. Thermal Conductivity of Composite Materials Containing Copper Nanowires. Journal of Nanomaterials. 2016
S. Nimanpure, S.A.R. Hashmi, R. Kumar et al. Mechanical, electrical, and thermal analysis of sisal fibril/kenaf fiber hybrid polyester composites. Polym Compos. 2017
L. Deleanu, M. Botan, C. Georgescu. Tribological Behavior of Polymers and Polymer Composites. In: A. Patnaik, T. Singh, V. Kukshal, editors. Tribology in Materials and Manufacturing - Wear, Friction and Lubrication [Internet]. London: Intech Open; 2020
M.S Oliveira, A.C. Pereira. F.C.G. Filho, et al. Fique fiber-reinforced epoxy composite for ballistic armor against 7.62 mm ammunition. Green materials engineering, Springer Cham. 2019; 193-199
V. Fiore, G. Di Bella, A. Valenza. Effect of sheep wool fibers on thermal insulation and mechanical properties of cement-based composites. J Nat Fibers. 2019;1-12
B. Vinod, L. J. Sudev, K. Shamanth, et al. A comparative study of different natural fiber reinforced hybrid polymer composites. AIP Conference Proceedings.2020; 2247(1)
S. Kumar, L. Prasad, V.K. Patel et al. Physico-Mechanical Properties and Taguchi Optimized Abrasive Wear of Alkali Treated and Fly Ash Reinforced Himalayan Agave Fiber Polyester Composite. Journal of Natural Fibre.2021
T. Richmond, L. Lods, J. Dandurand, et al. Physical and dynamic mechanical properties of continuous bamboo reinforcement/bio-based epoxy composites. Materials Research Express.2022; 9(1)
N.A.A. Hassana, S. Ahmada, R.S. Chenab et al. Synergistically Enhanced Mechanical, Combustion and Acoustic Properties of Biopolymer Composite Foams Reinforcement by Kenaf Fibre. Composites Part A Applied Science and Manufacturing.2022
S. Patel, G.L. Devnani, D. Singh. Effects of Additives and Treatment on Fly Ash-Based Polymer Composites Advancement in Materials. Manufacturing and Energy Engineering.2022;2
M.I. Minguez-Mosquera, B. Gandul-Rojas. High-performance liquid chromatographic study of alkaline treatment of chlorophyll. Journal of Chromatography.1995; 690(2), 161-176
F. Khan, S. R. Ahmad. Chemical modification and spectroscopic analysis of jute fibre, Polymer Degradation and Stability. 52(3), 335-340.
R. Sun, J. M. Lawtherand, W. B. Banks. Effects of pretreatment temperature and alkali concentration on the composition of alkali-soluble lignins from wheat straw. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 1996; 62(9), 1473-1481
Van de Weyenberg, T. Chi Truong, B. Vangrimde, et al. Improving the properties of UD flax fibre reinforced composites by applying an alkaline fibre treatment. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing.2006; 37(9), 1368-1376
A. M. M. Edeerozey, H.M. Akil, A. B. Azhar, et al. Chemical modification of kenaf fibers. Materials Letters.2007; 61(10), 2023-2025
A. Alawar, A.M. Hamed, K. Al-Kaabi. Characterization of treated date palm tree fiber as composite reinforcement. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2009; 40(7), 601-606.
R. Zuluaga, J. L. Putaux, J. Cruz, et al. Cellulose microfibrils from banana rachis: Effect of alkaline treatments on structural and morphological features. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2009; 76(1), 51-59
K. Obi Reddy, C. Uma Maheswari, M. Shukla, Song, et al. Tensile and structural characterization of alkali treated Borassus fruit fine fibers. Composites Part B: Engineering. 2013; 44(1). 433-438.
T. H. Nam, S. Ogihara, N. H. Tung et al. Effect of alkali treatment on interfacial and mechanical properties of coir fiber reinforced poly (butylene succinate) biodegradable composites. Composites Part B: Engineering.2011; 42(6), 1648-1656.
R. G. Elenga, G. F. Dirras, J. Goma Maniongui, et al. On the microstructure and physical properties of untreated raffia textilis fiber. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2009; 40(4), 418-422.
R. G. Elenga, G. F. Dirras, J. Goma Maniongui, et al. Thin-layer drying of raffia textilis fiber. BioResources.2011;6(4), 4135-4144
G. Jiang, W. Huang, B. Wang, et al. The changes of crystalline structure of cellulose during dissolution in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride. Cellulose. 2012; 19(3), 679-685
Satchidananda Tripathy, Janaki Dehury, Debasmita Mishra. A Study On the effect of Surface treatment on the Physical and Mechanical properties of date-palm stem liber embedded epoxy composites. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2016; 115
P. McKendry. Energy Production from biomass: overview of biomass. Bioresource Technology. 2002;83(1) :37-46
N. Reddy, Y.Q. Yang. Biofibers from Agricultural Byproducts for Industrial Applications. Trends in Biotechnology. 23(1).
K.V. Krishna, K. Kanny. The Effect of Treatment on Kenaf Fi Ber Using Green Approach And Their Reinforced Epoxy Composites. Compos. Part B. 2016;104, 1–22.
K. J. Wong, B. F Yousif, K. O. Low. The effects of alkali treatment on the interfacial adhesion of bamboo fibres. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials Design and Applications. 2010;224(3), 139–148.
R.G. Elenga, P. Djemia, D. Tingaud. Effects of Alkali Treatment on the Microstructure, Composition and Properties of the Raffia textilis Fiber. 2013; 8(2):2934-2949
A. Oushabi, S. Sair, Y. Abboud. The effect of alkali treatment on mechanical, morphological and thermal properties of date palm fibers (DPFs): Study of the interface of DPF–Polyurethane composite. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2017
H. D. Rozman, G. S. Tay, R. N. Kumar et al. Polypropylene-oil palm empty fruit bunch-glass fibre hybrid composites: a preliminary study on the flexural and tensile properties. European Polymer Journal. 2001; 37(6), 1283–1291
N.F. Ismail, N.A. MohdRadzuan, A.B. Sulong, et al. The Effect of Alkali Treatment on Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Kenaf Fiber and Polymer Epoxy Composites. Polymers.2021
K. Goda, M. S. Sreekala, A. Gomes, et al. Improvement of plant based natural fibers for toughening green composites—Effect of load application during mercerization of ramie fibers. Composites Part A: Applied science and manufacturing. 2006; 37(12)
S. Panthapulakkal, A. Zereshkian, M. sain. Preparation and characterization of wheat straw fibers for reinforcing application in injection molded thermoplastic composites, Bioresource Technology. 97(2), 265-272
L. S. Chin. Characterization of natural fiber polymer composites for structural application. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia, 2008
Meheddene Machaka, M.S. Hisham Basha, Dr. Hadi Abou Chakra, et al. Alkali Treatment Of Fan Palm Nsturals Fibers For Use In Fiber Reinforced Concrete. European Scientific Journal 2014;10(12)
M. Arsyad. Effect of alkali treatment on the coconut fiber surface Mechanical Engineering. Department of State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang, Indonesia E
Y.R. Ng, et al. The effect of alkali treatment on tensile properties of coir/polypropylene biocomposite. Materials Science and Engineering.2018
S. RizalIkramullah, D. A. Gopakumar, S. Huzni, et al. Tailoring the effective properties of Typha fiber reinforced polymer composite via alkali treatment. BioRes. 2019;14(3), 5630-5645
X. Wang, L. Chang, L. Wang. Effect of Hot-Alkali Treatment on the Structure Composition of Jute Fabrics and Mechanical Properties of Laminated Composites Materials Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). 2022
S. Sapuan, D. Bachtiar, M. Hamdan. Flexural properties of alkaline treated sugar palm fibre reinforced epoxy composites. International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering (IJAME).2010; 1: 79-90.
M. D. L. Chikouche, A. Merrouche, A. Azizi, et al. Influence of alkali treatment on the mechanical properties of new cane fibre/polyester composites. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites. 2015; 34(16), 1329–1339
R. Mansour, H. Osmani, F. Abbas, et al. Effect of Chemical treatment on Flexural Properties of Natural Fiber-reinforced Polyester Composite Procedia Engineering. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering.2017; 368
T. Sen, H. N. Jagannatha. Pretreatment of Woven Jute FRP Composite and Its Use in Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Flexure. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2013; 1–15
I.M. Ammar, M.R.M. Huzaifah, S.M. Sapuan, et al. Mechanical Properties of Environment-Friendly Sugar Palm Fibre Reinforced Vinyl Ester Composites at Different Fibre Arrangements Environment Asia.2019; 12(1).25-35
Agung Efriyo Hadi, Dandi Bachtiar, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, et al. AIP Conference Proceedings [Author(s) PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTOMOTIVE INNOVATION GREEN ENERGY VEHICLE: AIGEV 2018 - Kuantan, Malaysia (25–26 July 2018)] - Mechanical properties of untreated and treated sugar palm fibre reinforced polypropylene composites
D. Chakrabarti, M. S. Islam, K. Jubair, et al. Effect of Chemical Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of Luffa Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite. 2020;1(2)
M. Vijayakumar, K. Kumaresan, R. Gopal, et al. Effect of Silicon Carbide on the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Snake Grass/Sisal Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Epoxy Composites. Journals of Engineering Advancements.2020; 1(2)
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.