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Effect of Castor Oil Based Multi-Functional Additive on the Properties of Natural Rubber Vulcanizate

Johnson Oboh, Peter Okolo, Kabiru Abdulwahab, Ibrahim Balarabe Mohammed, Kingsley Keme Ajekwene

Abstract


The effect of castor oil based multifunctional additives on the properties of natural rubber vulcanizate was studied. The castor oil was extracted from castor seed via mechanical expression and characterized. The castor oil based Multifunctional Additive (MFA) was synthesized by reacting castor oil with Diethylamine at temperature of 80oC under constant stirring for one hour and further cooled in a water bath to terminate the reaction. The formulation of the rubber vulcanizates were based on substituting 5 parts per hundred of rubber (pphr) of MFA as process oil, co-activator, accelerator, coactivator/accelerator, and process oil/co-activator/accelerator. The result shows that the tensile strength decreased along these samples: sample without MFA had the highest tensile strength of 3.491 N/mm2 while sample with MFA as substitute for co-activator/accelerator had the lowest tensile strength of 0.467 N/mm2 .Similarly, the vulanizate sample of MFA as process oil had the highest tensile modulus of 0.895 N/mm2while MFA as co-activator/accelerator had the lowest tensile modulus of 0.102 N/mm2 . The vulcanizate sample of MFA as process oil had the highest hardness value of 59.3 on Shore A scale while sample of MFA as process oil/co-activator/accelerator had the lowest hardness of 41.0 Shore A. The abrasion test revealed that MFA increased the abrasion resistance of the rubber vulanizates. MFA as co-activator had the lowest wear index of 0.0008 and control, without MFA had the highest wear index of 0.0048.

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